This paper aims to establish the factors that explain the departmental differences in copyright protection and new creations in Colombia in 2017. For this purpose, we use the data available at the Dirección Nacional de Derechos de Autor and Observatorio Colombiano de Ciencia y Tecnología. We applied a technique of unsupervised learning (cluster analysis) and a non-parametric statistics (Spearman correlation). Among the main findings is the identification of 12 spatial cluster in Colombia that explain 95.22% of the variability. Likewise, it was identified that the variables with more variability within the national territory were: register of phonograms, artistic piece, contracts, audiovisual piece, and literary; master’s and doctoral graduates; industrial design applications; bibliographic production and patent applications.

Keywords:
Copyright,
software registration,
intellectual property,
Colombia,
cluster analysis,
spatial analysis,
unsupervised learning.

Aufderheide, P., Pappalardo, K., Suzor, N. & Stevens, J. (2018). Calculating the consequences of narrow Australian copyright exceptions: measurable, hidden and incalculable costs to creators. Poetics, 69, 15-26. https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/abs/pii/S0304422X17302528

Barbu, A. & Militaru, G. (2019). The moderating effect of intellectual property rights on relationship between innovation and company performance in manufacturing sector. Procedía Manufactring, 32(1), 1077-1084. https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S2351978919303634

Borissova, V. (2018). Cultural heritage digitization and related intellectual property issues. Journal of Cultural Heritage, 34, 145-150.  https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/abs/pii/S1296207418302012

Coronel, R. C., Mundo, C. D. C., Pérez, J. F. G., Martínez, J. G., Enrique, L., Martínez, L. … & Ramírez, M. U. (2019). Implicaciones de las TIC en los derechos de autor. Revista Digital Universitaria, 20(2), 1-4. https://www.revista.unam.mx/wp-content/uploads/v20_n2_a9_Implicaciones-de-las-tic-en-los-derechos-de-autor.pdf

Dirección Nacional de Derechos de Autor (2020). Estadística [Base de datos]. DNDA. Recuperado de http://200.91.225.128:8081/Reportes/#/consulta_por_clase_registro

Edosomwan, A. (2019). Protecting intellectual property rights in Nigeria: a review of the activities of the Nigerian Copyright Commission. World Patent Information, 58, 101908. https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0172219019300092

Erickson, K. (2018). Can creative firms thrive without copyright? Value generation and capture from private-collective innovation. Business Horizons, 61(5), 699-709.  https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0007681318300673

Fernández-Molina, J. C., Martínez-Ávila, D. & Silva, E. G. (2020). University copyright/scholarly communication offices: analysis of their services and staff profile. The Journal of Academic Librarianship, 46(2), 102133. https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/abs/pii/S0099133320300367

Filippova, N. A., Kozin, V. V., Gerasimova, A. V. & Maximovich, N. V. (2019). Unravelling heterogeneity of soft bottom communities in littoral zone using cluster analysis: methodical recommendations. Journal of Sea Research, 146, 46-54. https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/abs/pii/S138511011830240s

Giannopoulos, G. & Munro, J. F. (2019). The role of intellectual property rights in promoting company and ecosystem-level innovation. En The accelerating transport innovation revolution: a global, case study-based assessment of current experience, cross-sectorial effects, and socioeconomic transformations (pp. 143-157). Elsevier.  https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/B9780128138045000085

Heredia-Carroza, J., Martos, L. P. & Aguado, L. F. (2019). Flamenco y derechos de autor. El caso de Camarón de la Isla. Arbor, 195(791), 496.  http://arbor.revistas.csic.es/index.php/arbor/article/view/2311/3327

Jahangir, M. H. & Khatibi, A. (2020). Site selection of harmonic pressure water energy convertor systems on the south coast of the Caspian Sea using cluster analysis. Sustainable Energy Technologies and Assessments, 38, 100678. https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/abs/pii/S2213138819309117

Jung, K., Kim, H., Lee, E., Choi, I., Lim, H., Lee, B. … & Hong, H. G. (2020). Cluster analysis of child homicide in South Korea. Child Abuse & Neglect, 101, 104322. https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/abs/pii/S0145213419304983

Jeong, H., Yim, H. W., Jo, S. J., Lee, S. Y., Lee, H. K., Gentile, D. A. … & Choi, J. S. (2020). Gaming patterns and related symptoms in adolescents using cluster analysis: baseline results from the Internet User Cohort for Unbiased Recognition of Gaming Disorder in Early Adolescence (iCURE) study. Environmental Research, 182, 109105.  https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/abs/pii/S0013935119309016

Kwon, Y. J., Kim, H. S., Jung, D. H. & Kim, J. K. (2020). Cluster analysis of nutritional factors associated with low muscle mass index in middle-aged and older adults. Clinical Nutrition. https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/abs/pii/S0261561420300881

Lis-Gutiérrez, J. P., Lis-Gutiérrez, M., Gaitán-Angulo, M., Balaguera, M. I., Viloria, A. & Santander-Abril, J. E. (2018). Use of the industrial property system for new creations in Colombia: a departmental analysis (2000–2016). En International Conference on Data Mining and Big Data (pp. 786-796). Springer, Cham.

Lis-Gutiérrez, J. P., Zerda-Sarmiento, Á., Balaguera, M. I., Gaitán-Angulo, M. & Lis-Gutiérrez, M. (2019). Uso del sistema de propiedad industrial para signos distintivos en Colombia: un análisis departamental (2000-2016). En: G. Campos, M. A. Castaño, M. Gaitán-Angulo, V. Sánchez (comp.), Diálogos sobre investigación (pp. 195-203). Editorial Konrad Lorenz.

Lis-Gutiérrez, J. P., Lis-Gutiérrez, M., Gallego-Torres, A. P., Ballesteros Ballesteros, V. A., & Romero-Ospina, M. F. (2020). Use of the industrial property system in Colombia (2018): a supervised learning application. Lecture Note in Computer Science, 12145, 1-9.

Linares, F. M. (2007). El futuro de la propiedad intelectual desde su pasado. La historia de los derechos de autor y su porvenir ante la revolución de internet. Revista de la Facultad de Ciencias Sociales y jurídicas de Elche, 1(2).1-2 https://pdfs.semanticscholar.org/4001/df341d25c731295bc592b69eeaa5d0e6e7db.pdf

Ma, J., Yu, Q., Zhang, T. & Zhang, Y. (2020). Chinese family care patterns of childhood rheumatic diseases: a cluster analysis. International Journal of Nursing Sciences, 7(1), 41-48. https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S2352013219303060

Montoya, V. (2017). Publicaciones destacadas en la gestión editorial de contenidos electrónicos. Salud en Movimiento, 9(1), 1-14. http://scholar.googleusercontent.com/scholar?q=cache:gm0PfAjDP9cJ:scholar.google.com/+%22Publicaciones+destacadas+en+la+gesti%C3%B3n+editorial+de+contenidos+electr%C3%B3nicos%22&hl=es&as_sdt=0,5

Muriel-Torrado, E. & Fernández-Molina, J. C. (2015). Información sobre derechos de autor en las páginas web de las bibliotecas universitarias 16.  http://www2.marilia.unesp.br/revistas/index.php/bjis/article/view/5686/3899

Murali, P. & Sankaradass, V. (2018). An efficient ROI based copyright protection scheme for digital images with SVD and orthogonal polynomials transformation. Optik, 170, 242-264. https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/abs/pii/S0030402618305436

OcyT (Observatorio Colombiano de Ciencia y Tecnología). (2018). Indicadores de ciencia y tecnología Colombia 2018. OCyT.  https://ocyt.org.co/Libro2018_Completo/INDICADORES_OCyT_2018%20Version%2023-07-19.pdf

Orton, T. J. (2019). Protection of proprietary plant germplasm. En Horticultural plant breeding (pp. 221-230). Academic Press.  https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/B9780128153963000123

Torralba-Quitián, O. I., Lis-Gutiérrez, J. P. & Viloria, A. (2020). Supervised and unsupervised learning applied to crowdfunding. En International Conference on Computational Vision and Bio Inspired Computing (pp. 90-97). Springer, Cham.

Rampado, O., Gianusso, L., Nava, C. R. & Ropolo, R. (2019). Analysis of a CT patient dose database with an unsupervised clustering approach. Physica Medica, 60, 91-99.  https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/abs/pii/S1120179719300596

Savelyev, A. (2018). Copyright in the blockchain era: promises and challenges. Computer Law & Security Review, 34(3), 550-561. https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S026736491730378

Satre-Meloy, A., Diakonova, M. & Grünewald, P. (2020). Cluster analysis and prediction of residential peak demand profiles using occupant activity data. Applied Energy, 260, 114246. https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0306261919319336

Tambo, J. A., Baraké, E., Kouevi, A. & Munthali, G. T. (2020). Copyright or copyleft: an assessment of farmer-innovators’ attitudes towards intellectual property rights. Journal of Rural Studies, 74, 133-141. https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0743016718306491

Tomczyk, Ł. (2019). The practice of downloading copyrighted files among adolescents in Poland: correlations between piracy and other risky and protective behaviors online and offline. Technology in Society, 58, 101137. https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/abs/pii/S0160791X19301228

Van Norman, G. A. & Eisenkot, R. (2017). Technology transfer: from the research bench to commercialization: part 1: intellectual property rights-basics of patents and copyrights. JACC: Basic to Translational Science, 2(1), 85-97. https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S2452302X17300037

Xia, Z., Wang, X., Li, X., Wang, C., Unar, S., Wang, M. & Zhao, T. (2019). Efficient copyright protection for three CT images based on quaternion polar harmonic Fourier moments. Signal Processing, 164, 368-379. https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/abs/pii/S0165168419302336

Dimensions

PlumX