La gobernanza y la optimización del gasto público. Una revisión de literatura

Governance and optimization of public expenditure: A literature review

Roibert Pepito Mendoza Reyna , Lindon Vela Meléndez , Juan Diego Dávila Cisneros

Suma de Negocios, 15(32), 59-69, enero-junio 2024, ISSN 2215-910X

https://doi.org/10.14349/sumneg/2024.V15.N32.A7

Recibido: 6 de febrero de 2024
Aceptado: 30 de marzo de 2024
Online: 19 de abril de 2024

Resumen

Introducción/Objetivo: La sociedad demanda una gestión de calidad de los recursos públicos. Este estudio tiene como objetivo conocer el estado del arte sobre la relación entre la gobernanza y la optimización del gasto público.

Metodología: Se realizó un análisis bibliométrico en Scopus para explorar la evolución del tema y después una revisión sistemática en Scopus, WOS y Dimensions, para seleccionar estudios empíricos sobre la relación gobernanza-gasto público mediante criterios de calidad. Se aplicó el diagrama Prisma.

Resultados: El análisis bibliométrico revela un creciente interés investigativo desde 2011, con autores clave como Baldersheim, Canh y Ståhlberg. Se cumplieron leyes bibliométricas y el análisis semántico identificó clústeres que vinculan gobernanza y eficiencia del gasto. La revisión sistemática encontró un consenso generalizado: una buena gobernanza (efectividad, transparencia, control de corrupción y participación ciudadana) optimiza los resultados del gasto público. Los hallazgos empíricos convergen en cinco bloques principales: gobernanza como catalizador del impacto del gasto público, gobernanza para una mayor eficiencia sectorial del gasto, gasto público pro-pobre y gobernanza, rol moderador de las instituciones y la calidad de la gobernanza, y mecanismos de gobernanza para optimizar la gestión financiera pública.

Conclusiones: Existe un sólido respaldo teórico y empírico en cuanto a que incorporar principios de gobernanza democrática, participativa y transparente es clave para canalizar eficientemente el gasto público hacia el desarrollo económico y social. Futuras investigaciones deben examinar el peso relativo de las dimensiones de gobernanza y su impacto en la asignación óptima del gasto entre sectores.


Palabras clave:
Bibliometría,
gestión pública,
gobernanza,
gasto público,
transparencia,
Perú.

Códigos JEL:
H53, H54, H11, I18.

Abstract

Introduction/Objective: This study aims to explore the current state of knowledge regarding the relationship between governance and the optimization of public expenditure.

Methodology: A bibliometric analysis was conducted in Scopus to examine the evolution of the topic, followed by a systematic review in Scopus, WOS, and Dimensions. Empirical studies addressing the relationship between governance and public expenditure were selected using rigorous quality criteria. The Prisma diagram was applied for the systematic review.

Results: The bibliometric analysis revealed a growing research interest since 2011, highlighting the contributions of key authors such as Baldersheim, Canh, and Ståhlberg. Compliance with bibliometric laws was observed, and semantic analysis identified clusters linking governance with expenditure efficiency. The systematic review uncovered a widespread consensus: good governance, characterized by effectiveness, transparency, corruption control, and citizen participation, leads to an optimization of public expenditure outcomes. Empirical findings converge on five main blocks: governance as a catalyst for the impact of public expenditure, governance for greater sectoral efficiency of expenditure, public expenditure targeting vulnerable populations and associated governance, the moderating role of institutions and governance quality, and governance mechanisms to optimize public financial management.

Conclusions: There is solid theoretical and empirical support indicating that the incorporation of principles of democratic, participatory, and transparent governance is crucial for efficiently directing public expenditure towards economic and social development. Future research should examine the relative weight of the various dimensions of governance and their impact on the optimal allocation of expenditure across different sectors.


Keywords:
Bibliometrics,
public management,
governance,
public expenditure,
transparency,
Peru.

Artículo Completo
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Universidad Cesar Vallejo, Chiclayo, Perú.
Universidad Nacional Pedro Ruiz Gallo, Lambayeque, Perú.
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