The effect of relationship banking on SMEs’ credit access conditions: Empirical evidence from Brazil

El efecto de la banca de relación en las condiciones de acceso al crédito de las PYMEs: Evidencia empírica de Brasil

Guilherme Bannwart Elias , Fabiano Guasti Lima , Rafael Confetti Gatsios Vinícius Medeiros Magnani

Suma de Negocios, 14(30), 60-70, enero-junio 2023, ISSN 2215-910X

https://doi.org/10.14349/sumneg/2023.V14.N30.A6

Received July 4, 2023
Accepted August 1, 2023
Online August 18, 2023

Resumen

Introducción: las instituciones financieras de pequeño tamaño se destacan en el servicio a las PYME por sus ventajas comparativas en el uso del crédito basado en la relación. Este artículo investiga el impacto de la relación entre una pequeña institución financiera y las PYMES en las condiciones de acceso al crédito.

Metodología: la investigación emplea el método de regresión lineal múltiple de mínimos cuadrados ordinarios (OLS) en un conjunto de datos que comprende 194 contratos de préstamos de una pequeña institución financiera, contratados por 43 PYMES. El conjunto de datos incluye información financiera y registros de la fortaleza de la relación con el acreedor desde 2015 hasta 2019.

Resultados: los parámetros de los modelos OLS que midieron la asociación entre el costo del crédito, la línea de crédito disponible y el plazo del crédito con el perfil de relación bancaria mostraron resultados estadísticamente significativos.

Conclusión: los resultados sugieren que la duración de la relación bancaria y el número de servicios contratados no afectan significativamente el costo del crédito. Sin embargo, se observa una asociación destacable entre la concentración de crédito dentro del banco de pequeño tamaño y mayores costos para los clientes. Además, la duración de la relación bancaria influye directamente en la línea de crédito disponible para las PYMES. Así las cosas, el impacto de las garantías ofrecidas en las condiciones de crédito no justifica transacciones de crédito a largo plazo. Además, se evidencia una relación inversa entre la calificación crediticia de las PYMES y el plazo del crédito.


Palabras clave:
Finanzas,
instituciones financieras,
bancos,
préstamo,
crédito,
Brasil.

Códigos JEL:
G21, G32, G34, L25.

Abstract

Objectives: Small-sized financial institutions stand out in serving SMEs due to their comparative advantages in the use of relationship-based credit. This study explores the impact of the relationship between a small financial institution and SMEs on credit access conditions.

Methodology: The research employs the ordinary least square multiple regression method (OLS) on a dataset comprising 194 loan agreements from a small financial institution, which were contracted by 43 SMEs. The dataset includes financial information and records regarding the relationship strength with the creditor from 2015 to 2019.

Results: The parameters of the OLS models that measured the association between the cost of credit, credit line available and average maturity with the bank relationship profile showed statistically significant results.

Conclusions: The findings suggest that the duration of the banking relationship and the number of services contracted do not significantly affect the cost of credit. However, a noteworthy association is observed between credit concentration within the small-sized bank and higher costs for clients. Additionally, the length of the banking relationship directly influences the credit line available to SMEs. Interestingly, the impact of guarantees offered on credit conditions does not justify long credit transactions. Furthermore, an inverse relationship emerges between the credit rating of SMEs and the credit term.


Keywords:
Finance,
financial institutions banks,
loan,
credit,
Brazil.

Artículo Completo
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University of São Paulo, Brazil
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